North Carolina Gun Laws Explained
In general, North Carolina is a gun-friendly state. Both the federal and North Carolina constitutions protect your right to bear arms. However, there are restrictions on who may carry a gun and where. As a responsible gun owner, learn below about the basics of open and concealed carry gun laws in North Carolina.
If you have been charged with gun carry violation, consult an NC criminal defense attorney to fight for your case.
Firearm Purchase in North Carolina
Do I need to register my guns?
No, the US nor the State of North Carolina does not require firearm registration. However, you must follow the state’s gun laws to avoid charges.
Is federal law sufficient for legal possession of a machine gun in North Carolina?
No, federal law alone is not enough. In North Carolina, even if you comply with all federal requirements, you must also obtain a special permit from your county sheriff to legally possess a machine gun. Simply having federal paperwork or registration does not grant you automatic approval under state law. State law sets its own standards—and local sheriffs are not obligated to issue permits just because you hold a federal license.
Remember, this applies to all fully automatic firearms, their frames or receivers, and any parts that could be used to create or convert a weapon into a machine gun. Without both federal compliance and a North Carolina sheriff-issued permit, possessing a machine gun here remains illegal.
Do I need a permit to buy a firearm?
Yes, if you are buying a handgun; no, for a long gun (rifle or shotgun). When purchasing a handgun in North Carolina, you need a current, valid NC state-issued form of identification and either an NC Pistol Purchase Permit or a North Carolina Concealed Carry Handgun permit. To purchase a long gun, you only need to show a current, valid NC state-issued form of identification and must pass a US government background check during the sale.
On what grounds can a handgun purchase permit be denied in North Carolina?
A handgun purchase permit in North Carolina can be denied for several reasons. Generally, you will be ineligible if you:
- Are currently facing felony charges or have been convicted of a felony (unless you’ve received a pardon or aren’t prohibited by other laws).
- Are a fugitive from justice.
- Use controlled substances unlawfully or are addicted to drugs.
- Have been found mentally incompetent by a court or committed to a mental institution.
- Received a dishonorable discharge from the military.
- Have renounced your U.S. citizenship.
- Are subject to a court restraining order for harassing, stalking, or threatening a partner or their child.
Meeting any of these criteria means the sheriff may refuse your application for a handgun permit.
Yes. North Carolina residents are allowed to purchase rifles, shotguns, and ammunition in states that border North Carolina. As long as you follow both federal and state laws, you can legally buy these items from licensed dealers in neighboring states such as Virginia, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Georgia. Always ensure you complete any required background checks and adhere to the specific regulations of the state where you make the purchase.
Are antique firearms exempt from handgun purchase requirements in North Carolina?
Yes. Antique firearms are not subject to the handgun purchase permit or background check requirements in North Carolina. If the firearm qualifies as an antique under federal law—generally, manufactured before 1898 or using obsolete ignition systems—you are not required to obtain a permit or undergo a background check to buy or transfer these older guns. However, always double-check the specifics of state and federal definitions to ensure your firearm qualifies as an antique before purchasing.
Are there any special requirements for obtaining multiple handgun permits in North Carolina?
Each permit obtained in North Carolina allows you to purchase just one handgun. So, if you’re looking to buy more than one, you’ll need to apply for a separate permit for each additional handgun you wish to purchase. Be prepared to provide a valid reason for every application, as the issuing authority may ask why you need multiple permits. This extra step means a bit more paperwork, but it’s required if you want to lawfully own more than one handgun in the state.
How many handguns can I buy with one permit?
In North Carolina, each permit allows you to purchase just one handgun. If you want to buy additional handguns, you’ll need to apply for and obtain a separate permit for each one—so plan accordingly if you’re looking to grow your collection. Each time, you’ll have to go through the application process and demonstrate your need to the issuing authority.
How long will it take to get a decision on my handgun permit application?
The sheriff’s office is required by law to notify you within 30 days of submitting your handgun permit application whether you’ve been approved or denied. If your permit is granted, it should be issued to you right away. This timeline helps ensure you’re not left waiting indefinitely after you’ve filed your paperwork.
How long is a pistol purchase permit valid in North Carolina?
A North Carolina pistol purchase permit remains valid for five years from the date it’s issued. This gives you a generous window to complete your handgun purchase without rushing through the process.
Can I buy a gun to give to someone else?
Yes, but with extreme caution. Federal or NC law does not prohibit you from gifting a firearm to a relative or friend that lives in your home state. However, it is a federal felony to transfer a firearm to someone you know or reasonably suspect who can’t legally own one.
When Can Minors Legally Possess Firearms?
In North Carolina, minors face strict limits on firearm possession. Generally, anyone under 18 is not allowed to own or carry a handgun. But there are a few exceptions to this rule:
- Supervised Use: Minors may use a handgun for educational or recreational purposes if supervised by an adult, or if an emancipated minor, within their own home.
- Military Service: Members of the U.S. Armed Forces under 18 are permitted to possess handguns while performing official duties.
- Hunting or Trapping: With written permission from a parent or guardian, minors under 18 can use firearms for hunting or trapping.
- Children Under Age 12: Special care applies here—a child under 12 may not possess or use any firearm (loaded or unloaded) unless directly supervised by a parent or guardian.
It’s crucial for parents and guardians to understand these exceptions to help young people stay compliant with both state and federal law. This guidance helps avoid serious legal trouble and ensures safe, responsible gun ownership practices for the next generation.
Are there exceptions to the law regarding minors accessing firearms in the home?
Yes, there are limited exceptions to the rules about minors and firearm access. If a minor gets hold of a firearm because someone unlawfully entered your home—such as in a break-in—the law does not hold you responsible for the minor’s access in that situation. However, in all other cases, if you live with someone under 18, you must store your firearms securely and responsibly to prevent unsupervised access. Failing to do so can result in a misdemeanor charge, so it’s important to keep safety top of mind and use proper locking devices or safes when not in immediate control of a firearm.
What legal responsibilities do gun owners have regarding storing firearms in homes with minors?
If you live with anyone under 18, North Carolina law requires you to store your firearms responsibly. Specifically, if you leave a gun where an unsupervised minor could easily access and discharge it, you may be charged with a misdemeanor—even if no harm occurs. Safe storage, such as using a locked gun safe or trigger lock, is strongly recommended to keep firearms out of the hands of minors.
This requirement is aimed at preventing accidental discharge or misuse. However, if a minor gains access because someone unlawfully entered your home (for example, a break-in), you are not held responsible under this law. Ensuring your firearms are stored securely not only keeps you within legal requirements but also protects your household and community.
What about machine guns?
Machine guns are almost entirely off-limits in North Carolina. State law strictly prohibits anyone—from individual owners to businesses—from manufacturing, selling, transferring, or even possessing a machine gun. This includes not only fully assembled machine guns, but also any parts or frames that could be used to build or convert a firearm into a machine gun.
There is one rare exception: you may legally possess a machine gun only if you obtain a special permit from your county sheriff. Keep in mind, however, that federal registration or paperwork does not guarantee state-level approval. The county sheriff is not required to issue a permit just because you’ve satisfied federal requirements.
In short, unless you’ve been granted a specific permit by your local sheriff, machine guns are illegal to own or transfer in North Carolina.
Open Carry Gun Laws in North Carolina
Am I allowed to open carry?
Open carry is legal in North Carolina without a permit, if you can legally own a firearm. You must be at least 18 years old with no felony convictions. The state places no limits on weapon caliber size or magazine capacity.
Are there exceptions to North Carolina’s statewide firearms law?
Yes, while North Carolina law generally reserves the power to make gun laws for the state legislature, there are a few notable exceptions where local governments have some authority.
- Local Regulation of Public Property: Counties and cities can prohibit firearms in publicly owned buildings, on their grounds, parking lots, or in public parks and recreation areas. However, you’re still allowed to keep a firearm securely locked inside your vehicle while parked in these areas.
- Zoning and Commercial Activity: Local governments may regulate or restrict commercial firearms sales at certain locations through zoning laws, as long as those rules apply equally to other types of commercial activities.
- School Safety: Local ordinances can ban all commercial activities—including gun sales—within a set distance of schools or other educational facilities, unless a special permit is granted and it’s determined to be safe.
- Government Employees: Municipal and county authorities can restrict or set rules for their own employees carrying firearms while on duty.
- States of Emergency: During declared local emergencies, additional gun restrictions may temporarily apply based on specific emergency powers granted by state law.
State law also ensures local governments can’t treat gun shows more harshly than other kinds of shows or fairs. In short, while most gun laws come from Raleigh, counties and cities do retain some limited authority—mainly over their own properties, employees, schools, and in emergency situations.
Where can I open carry?
Many places allow for open carry (i.e. roadside rest areas), but counties may regulate the display of firearms on public property and designate Off-Limit areas (i.e. schools and universities, state and federal parks, organized sporting events). In fact, North Carolina law gives municipalities and counties the authority to prohibit the possession of firearms in certain locations, such as public-owned buildings, their grounds or parking areas, and in public parks or recreation areas. However, even where these local restrictions apply, you are generally permitted to store a firearm inside your motor vehicle while parked on these properties. In addition, you may not open carry on private property or businesses that post “No Weapons” signs.
What authority do municipalities or counties have during declared states of emergency regarding firearms?
During a declared state of emergency, local governments in North Carolina—such as counties and municipalities—can exercise certain powers granted by law. This means they may impose temporary restrictions or regulations on firearms that go beyond the standard rules. For example, they can limit the carrying, transportation, or sale of firearms for the duration of the emergency, provided they’re acting within the bounds of Article 36A and other applicable state law. If you’re unsure about local restrictions during a specific emergency, check with your local government or law enforcement to ensure compliance.
Can I open carry in vehicles?
Yes, if the weapon is not concealed—not readily seen or accessible—and visible. This means the handgun must be openly displayed or in a locked glove box, locked console, or in the trunk. It cannot be under the front seat or in an unlocked glove box or console.
Can I open carry in restaurants?
Yes, if the restaurant is not posted with a “No Weapons” sign and doesn’t sell alcohol.
NC Concealed Carry Permit Laws
Can I carry a concealed firearm?
Concealed carry of handguns only is legal with a license/permit in North Carolina. As a “shall issue” “” state, the local sheriff’s office is required to issue concealed handgun permits to applicants who meet the basic state law requirements, which include:
- Be at least 21 years old
- Complete a minimum eight-hour training course
- File the application in the county of residence
- Lived in North Carolina for at least 30 days
- Be a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident alien
- Not have a mental or physical disability that prevents safe handling of a firearm
- Not have been convicted of a felony or other specific crimes within three years prior to the application date
How to Apply
Applicants must submit their application to the sheriff of the county in which they reside. The process involves:
- Completing the application under oath, using the form provided by the sheriff
- Paying an $80.00 non-refundable permit fee
- Providing a full set of fingerprints, administered by the sheriff (with an additional fee not exceeding $10.00 for fingerprint processing)
- Submitting the original certificate of completion from an approved safety course
- Signing a release authorizing the sheriff to access records concerning the applicant’s mental health or capacity
This process helps ensure that only those who meet the state’s eligibility and safety standards are granted a permit to carry concealed.
Does North Carolina honor concealed carry permits from other states?
Yes. North Carolina recognizes valid concealed handgun permits issued by other states. This means if you have a permit from your home state, you can legally carry concealed in North Carolina—as long as you follow North Carolina’s laws while visiting. Be sure to check that your permit remains current and familiarize yourself with any state-specific restrictions or requirements before carrying concealed.
How do I renew my concealed handgun permit in North Carolina?
To renew your concealed handgun permit in North Carolina, you’ll need to take action before it expires. The process is straightforward, but it’s important to pay attention to deadlines to avoid lapses.
- Apply Early: You should submit your renewal application at least 30 days before your current permit expires.
- Required Documents: The renewal typically requires a completed renewal form, a notarized affidavit confirming your continued eligibility, a full set of fingerprints, and a $75 renewal fee.
- Renewal Notice: Your county sheriff’s office will mail you a reminder at least 45 days before your permit’s expiration date, but even if you don’t receive it, you’re still responsible for renewing on time.
- Ongoing Validity: If you apply for renewal within 90 days before your permit expires and otherwise meet the requirements, your permit will stay valid while your application is being processed—so you won’t lose your concealed carry rights while waiting.
- Training Waivers: In many cases, you won’t need to retake the firearms safety and training course to renew your permit. However, the sheriff may require a refresher if specific concerns arise or if your permit has already expired.
- If You Miss the Deadline: If your permit has expired, you may still be able to renew without retaking the training course, as long as you apply within 60 days of expiration. After 60 days, the process becomes more complicated and could require you to start over.
Timely renewal keeps your concealed carry rights intact and avoids legal headaches down the road.
Can I get a temporary or emergency concealed handgun permit in North Carolina?
Yes, in certain urgent situations, you may be eligible for a temporary emergency concealed handgun permit. If the local sheriff reasonably believes you—or your family or property—face an immediate safety threat, you can apply for a temporary permit.
A few important things to know about emergency permits:
- They are valid for up to 90 days.
- They cannot be renewed.
- The sheriff can revoke an emergency permit at any time, and you’re not entitled to a hearing if this happens.
If you think your circumstances qualify, contact your county sheriff’s office to discuss your specific situation and learn about next steps.
What are the requirements for renewing a concealed handgun permit in North Carolina?
To renew your North Carolina concealed handgun permit, you’ll need to submit a renewal application at least 30 days before your current permit expires. This includes:
- Completing a renewal form
- Submitting a notarized affidavit confirming you still meet the permit requirements
- Providing a full set of fingerprints
- Paying the $75 renewal fee
In most cases, you aren’t required to retake the firearms safety and training course—especially if your permit is still valid or you apply within 60 days of the expiration. However, the sheriff does have the authority to request that you complete the training again at their discretion. Acting early can help you avoid unnecessary paperwork or delays.
How long is a concealed handgun permit valid in North Carolina?
A North Carolina concealed handgun permit remains valid statewide for five years from the date it’s issued. After this period, you’ll need to renew your permit to continue legally carrying concealed.
What if I don’t get a renewal notice for my concealed handgun permit?
If you hold a concealed handgun permit in North Carolina, it’s your responsibility to keep track of your permit’s expiration date—even if you don’t receive a renewal notice in the mail. The law does not excuse late renewals simply due to a missing notice, so be proactive: mark your calendar and check with your local sheriff’s office if you have questions about the renewal process.
Where can I carry a concealed gun in North Carolina?
Concealed carry is allowed in state parks, state and national forests, roadside rest areas, vehicles, and all areas of the state not listed as off-limits. With the proper permits, some no-carry locations are an exception.
Where am I prohibited from carrying a concealed gun in North Carolina?
Concealed carry is off-limits in law enforcement or correctional facilities, at protests or demonstrations, on any private property that prohibits concealed handguns and anywhere guns are prohibited under federal law.
Which places are exceptions to the off-limits list?
Unless you have a permit and keep your gun locked in a container in your car, you may not carry a concealed gun on school property or school-sanctioned events; at a parade or funeral procession; or in state or federal buildings, courthouses and other state property.
Can I carry a concealed handgun into restaurants and bars in NC?
Yes, but with a few caveats. Restaurant owners can still enforce a “No Weapons” sign that prohibits concealed-gun carriers from entering, even with a permit. Plus, it is still illegal to drink alcohol or be under the influence of any controlled substance while carrying a gun in the state, regardless of a person’s permit.
If I am stopped by law enforcement, do I have to tell the officer I have a gun?
Yes, North Carolina gun laws require you to inform the officer you have a firearm when approaching on official business. You must carry your permit at all times while in possession of a concealed handgun.
What should I do if my permit is lost or destroyed?
If you happen to lose your concealed handgun permit, or if it’s damaged or destroyed, you’re required to notify the sheriff who originally issued your permit as soon as possible. Reporting promptly can help you begin the process to replace your permit and avoid any legal complications.
Update 3/29/23:
Purchasing firearms in North Carolina used to be complicated, with different regulations for handguns and long guns. This posed a challenge for customers since they may not have been equipped with the right documentation and had to be turned away. Recently, in March of 2023, the NC legislature overturned Governor Cooper’s veto and passed a law unifying the process to buy both types of firearms. We have listed a few answers below to frequently asked questions about this new law.
When will this new law go into effect?
The new law is in effect as of March 29, 2023. That means that any purchase after this date will be processed according to the new law.
How does this change the process?
As a first change, the new law eliminates the requirement for a pistol purchase permit for North Carolina residents to purchase handguns. In addition to eliminating the $5.00 fee associated with each permit, this change eliminates the process of having your local sheriff conduct a background check and issue you a permit to use with each purchase.
Can I buy a gun without a background check?
When purchasing a handgun, gun stores no longer require you to have a pistol purchase permit. The law does not remove the requirement that you fill out the ATF form 4473 and that the gun store will run your name through a background check before letting you finalize the transaction.
Background checks are now being conducted by who?
Federally licensed gun stores are connected to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS). After the store has input personal details of the buyer, a “proceed,” “delay,” or “deny” response is given. If “proceed” is answered, they can continue with the sale; otherwise, they must wait for further processing. In case of a “denied” response, no transaction may take place.
What should I do if I receive a denied response?
To overturn the denial, you have to go through the FBI’s process. This can be a long and complex process that a firearms attorney can assist you with.
Facing Gun Carry Violations in North Carolina?
It is illegal to carry a concealed weapon without a permit, or with a permit in prohibited areas. If you’ve been charged with a gun carry violation, discuss your options with a criminal defense lawyer in North Carolina. At Manning Law, our experienced attorneys can help protect your second amendment rights. Contact us today to discuss your case!
